Simone de Beauvoir — "I was born to be happy."
I was born to be happy.
I was born to be happy.
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"The future is open, and it is up to us to create it."
"A woman's greatest achievement is to be a mother."
"The body is not a thing, it is a situation."
"There is no way to be a woman. There are only ways of being a woman."
"Freedom is what you do with what's been done to you."
French existentialist philosopher whose The Second Sex (1949) is the foundational text of modern feminist theory. Closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre (lifetime partner and existentialist co-founder) and Albert Camus (existentialist contemporary in Paris). For an intellectual contrast, see Camille Paglia, American cultural critic and Sexual Personae author — Paglia argues for biological-essentialist roots of gender that Beauvoir's social-construction view — 'one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman' — explicitly rejects. The two are the cleanest constructed-vs-essentialist poles in feminist theory.
The standard scholarly entry points to Simone de Beauvoir's work: Toril Moi (Duke, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor) — Simone de Beauvoir: The Making of an Intellectual Woman (1994); Margaret A. Simons (Southern Illinois University, Emerita) — Beauvoir and The Second Sex (1999); Kate Kirkpatrick (Oxford, Regent's Park College) — Becoming Beauvoir: A Life (2019). These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Simone de Beauvoir.
Often attributed, but hard to find a direct source. Reflects her general outlook.
Date: Unknown
Self-DeprecatingFound in 1 providers: grok
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