In the beginning, these two spiritualities, which are twins, were perceived in a vision by the righteous. The better and the bad have been said to be thought, word, and deed, and between these two the wise have chosen rightly, not the unwise.
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"O Fashioner of the World! O Creator of the waters and plants! Grant Thou to me Thy blessings of Perfection and Immortality!"
"Whosoever, O Mazda, by his thoughts, words, and deeds makes a sacrifice to Thee, he shall be granted the best existence."
"And when these two spirits came together, they created life and non-life, and how at the end the worst existence shall be for the wicked, but the Best Mind for the righteous."
"May your days be filled with joy and your enemies be utterly confused by your excellent fashion choices."
"He who abhors and shuns the light of the Sun, He who refuses to behold with respect the living creation of God, He who leads the good to wickedness, He who makes the meadows waterless and the pastures…"
Iranian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism, the first major religion of cosmic dualism between good (Ahura Mazda) and evil (Angra Mainyu). Closely associated with The Buddha (near-contemporary Eastern moral-cosmological revolutionary). For an intellectual contrast, see Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher of 'beyond good and evil' — Nietzsche appropriated Zarathustra's name for Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883) precisely to invert the original's moral cosmology — the historical Zoroaster founded the good-versus-evil framework Nietzsche's character announces the end of.
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Two opposing forces, good and evil, exist side by side and express themselves through what people think, say, and do. Every person faces a clear choice between them. Wise people recognize the difference and pick the better path, while unwise people fail to see it or pick poorly. Morality is not complicated; it comes down to honest judgment and consistent action across thought, speech, and behavior.
Zoroaster built his entire religion around this dualism between Ahura Mazda, the wise lord, and Angra Mainyu, the destructive spirit. As a priest-prophet who reformed older Iranian polytheism, he emphasized personal moral responsibility through the famous triad of good thoughts, good words, good deeds. This verse comes from the Gathas, the hymns he composed, and captures his central teaching that humans must actively choose righteousness.
Zoroaster lived in ancient Iran, likely between 1500 and 1000 BCE, during a tribal society that worshipped many nature gods through animal sacrifice and ritual. His ethical monotheism was radical for its time, replacing ritual obedience with personal conscience. His ideas later shaped the Achaemenid Persian Empire and influenced Judaism, Christianity, and Islam through concepts of heaven, hell, judgment, and a cosmic battle between good and evil.
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