A woman must be a woman and cannot be a man. She, too, is God's creature and her divine station is that she should bear and care for and rear children.
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"What God wills is not right because he ought, or was bound, so to will; on the contrary, what takes place must be right, because he so wills it."
"If I had to do it all over again, I would still burn the pope’s bull."
"If these works of mercy do not suit them, then we must expel them forever from our country."
"A Christian is a perfectly free lord of all, subject to none. A Christian is a perfectly dutiful servant of all, subject to all."
"Whoever does not know God hidden in suffering does not know God at all."
German theologian whose 95 Theses (1517) launched the Protestant Reformation and broke the Catholic Church's monopoly on Western Christianity. Closely associated with Philipp Melanchthon (Lutheran systematizer) and John Calvin (later Reformer who built on Luther's break). For an intellectual contrast, see Pope Leo X, Renaissance pope (1513-1521) — Leo X's indulgence sales triggered Luther's break and Leo excommunicated him in 1521 — Luther's entire Reformation is structured as a direct answer to the indulgence-funded Vatican Leo represented.
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Luther claims women have a fixed, God-given nature that separates them from men, and that their divinely assigned purpose is motherhood: conceiving, nursing, and raising children. He frames biology as destiny, treating female identity as inseparable from domestic and maternal duties. Any attempt to step outside that role would, in his view, violate both nature and divine order rather than express personal choice or ability.
Luther preached that marriage and childbearing were sacred callings, attacking monastic celibacy as unnatural. He left the cloister, married former nun Katharina von Bora in 1525, fathered six children, and praised her household labor while still confining her authority to domestic matters. His sermons and table talk repeatedly grounded gender roles in Genesis, making this statement a direct echo of his theology of vocation, family, and creation order.
In early sixteenth-century Europe, women had no legal autonomy, rarely owned property, and were barred from universities, guilds, and clergy. The Reformation closed convents, removing one of the few paths outside marriage, and reframed the Christian household as the primary female vocation. Humanists debated women's education, but church, state, and emerging Protestant marriage ordinances all treated childbearing as a woman's civic and spiritual duty, making Luther's claim mainstream rather than radical.
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