Seventhly, let the young and strong Jews and Jewesses be given flail, axe, spade, and spindle, and let them earn their bread in the sweat of their brow, as was imposed on Adam's children.
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"The hair is the finest ornament a woman has. If she be a virgin, let her wear it loose; if married, let her wear it up."
"What God wills is not right because he ought, or was bound, so to will; on the contrary, what takes place must be right, because he so wills it."
"The Pope is a mere tormentor of conscience."
"Where God builds a church, the Devil builds a chapel."
"If I had to do it all over again, I would still burn the pope’s bull."
German theologian whose 95 Theses (1517) launched the Protestant Reformation and broke the Catholic Church's monopoly on Western Christianity. Closely associated with Philipp Melanchthon (Lutheran systematizer) and John Calvin (later Reformer who built on Luther's break). For an intellectual contrast, see Pope Leo X, Renaissance pope (1513-1521) — Leo X's indulgence sales triggered Luther's break and Leo excommunicated him in 1521 — Luther's entire Reformation is structured as a direct answer to the indulgence-funded Vatican Leo represented.
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The speaker demands that able-bodied Jewish men and women be forced into hard manual labor—wielding tools like flails, axes, spades, and spindles—to earn their food through physical toil. It frames this forced labor as a fitting punishment rooted in the biblical curse on Adam, stripping them of any other livelihood and reducing them to compulsory workers performing society's most grueling tasks.
This comes from Luther's 1543 tract On the Jews and Their Lies, where he outlined harsh measures against Jewish communities. Though he began his career hoping Jews would convert to his reformed Christianity, their refusal hardened him into writing violently antisemitic proposals late in life. The passage reflects his authoritarian streak, his literalist reading of Genesis, and the darker legacy that shadowed his theological achievements as Reformation leader.
In early modern Europe, Jews were confined to restricted trades like moneylending because guilds barred them from crafts and landownership. The 1540s brought rising religious polemic as the Reformation fractured Christendom, and rulers sought scapegoats amid plague, inflation, and war. Luther's words fed centuries of expulsions, ghettoization, and forced-labor decrees, and were later weaponized by 20th-century Nazi propagandists who cited him directly.
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